Mariam Mahmoud Ahmed (Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science)

Ji-Seon Jeong (Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science)

Mariam Mahmoud Ahmed (Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science)

Ji-Seon Jeong (Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science)

Bisphenol A (BPA), a prevalent environmental contaminant, disrupts uterine endometrium function. Melatonin (MT) and resveratrol (RSV) are being investigated for their protective potential against BPA-induced damage. Due to ethical and efficacy concerns in animal testing, three-dimensional endometrial organoids are essential for studying environmental impacts on reproductive health. This study aims to monitor alteration of representative metabolites such as amino acids, and monosaccharides for assessing the effects of endocrine disruptors like BPA and protective agents like MT, and RSV using advanced LC-MS and ion chromatography (IC). To evaluate BPA toxicity and the protective roles of MT and RSV, endometrial organoids were treated with BPA, MT, and/or RSV followed by LC-MS analysis focused on fourteen amino acids, and IC analysis for glucose and galactose. Additional molecular screening techniques included gene expression analysis, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining were also progressed to confirm the toxicity and protectivity. In results, BPA induced structural and molecular disruptions in organoids, triggering oxidative stress and apoptotic pathways, and altering glucose, galactose, and essential amino acid levels. Conversely, MT and RSV treatments exhibited protective effects, mitigating BPA-induced disruptions across multiple pathways. This pioneering study on endometrial organoids enhances understanding of environmental impacts on reproductive health.

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